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Ten Qira'aat

1. ‘Aasim (Shu'bah and Hafs)
2. Nafi' (Qawloon and Warsh)
3. Abu ‘Amr Al-Basree (Abu Umar Ad-Dooree and As-Soosiyy)
4. Ibn 'Aamir (Hisham and Ibn Dhakwaan)
5. Hamzah (Khalaf and Khallaad)
6. Al-Kisaa'ee (Abu Al-Haarith and Ad-Dooree)
7. Abu Ja'far (Ibn Wardan and Ibn Jammaaz)
8. Ya'qoob (Ruways and Rawh)
9. Khalaf (Ishaaq and Idrees)
10. Ibn Katheer (Al-Bazee and Qunbul)

1. ‘Aasim

His name was Aasim bin Bahdalah Abee An-Najood Al-Asadee, and he was called Abu Bakr. He was the sheikh of the recitors in Al-Kufah after Abdulrahmaan Al-Sulamee. He excelled in both purity of language and mastery. He had the best voice of all in Qur’an recitation and he was from the taabi’een –the first generation after the Sahabah- meaning he met up with and knew some of the Sahabah. He died in the year 127 Al-Hijarah.

His two rawee are Shu’bah and Hafs.

1.a Shu’bah

He was Shu’bah bin Ayaash bin Saalim, and was called Abu Bakr. He was born in 95 Al-Hijarah and died in 193 Al-Hijarah. He was a great imam and working scholar, and was considered a reference of the great imams in the sunnah.

1.b Hafs

His name was Hafs bin Sulaymaan bin Al-Magheerah Al-Asadee Al-Kufee. He was born in the year 90 Al-Hijarah, and died in the year 180 Al-Hijarah. Hafs was the most knowledgeable of all in the recitation of ‘Aasim.

Rules of Recitation for Shu’bah ‘an ‘Aasim

The rules for Shu’bah are for the most part identical to the rules of Hafs ‘an ‘Aasim except for a few items which will be outlined here. Outside of the few rules that are different, there are special words read differently by Shu’bah. Only those rules which are different for Shu’bah ‘an Aasim from Hafs ‘an ‘Aasim will be explained, all other rules are the same as Hafs and can be found in the explanation of those rules. The special words for Shu’bah will be documented later, insha’ Allah.

For the complete rules of Hafs ‘an Aasim, please see the following link: http://www.bdislam.com/quran/tajweed/tajweed.htm

2. Nafi'

He is Ibn Abdulrahmaan bin Abee Na’eem and his nick name was Abu Ruwaym. He originated from Asfahaan and was black in color. He was a scholar in the ways of Qira’aat and the Arabic language. Imam Naafi’ was born in the year 70 Hijara , and died in 169 Hijara in Al-Medinah. He recited to seventy of the taabi’een, Abu Ja’far Yazeed Al-Qa’qaa’ was one of them. He was an Imam of Medinah Munawwarah in recitation after Abu Ja’far. Qaloon and Warsh related their ways of recitation from him. If he talked, the smell of musk would be smelled from his mouth. He was asked, “Do you put on perfume before sitting to read every time?” He said, “No, I don’t touch perfume but I saw the Prophet, in a dream and he read into my mouth” From that time that smell was found in his mouth.

Imam Naafi' has two raawis, Qaloon and Warsh.

2.a. Imam Qawloon

His name was ‘Isaa bin Meenaa and was nicknamed Aba Musaa. He was of Roman heritage. His Sheikh, Imam Naafi’, nicknamed him Qaloon because of the quality of his qira’ah. The word Qaloon in the Roman language means “good.”

He was born in 120 Al-Hijara and died 220 Al-Hijara in Al-Medinah.

He was deaf and could not even hear a horn, but if someone recited the Qur’an to him, he could hear.
Some biographies say the deafness came when he was older, but others mention it as if he was always deaf, and Allah knows best.
The basic rules of the riwaayah of Qaloon 'an Naafi' and available below, with links to each lesson listed. The special words though, must be obtained from a mushaf that has the recitation of Qaloon or a mushaf of the ten qira'aat.

2.b Warsh

The real name of Imam Warsh, may Allah be merciful to him, is Abu Sa'eed 'Uthmaan bin Sa'eed Al-Misriyy. His sheikh, Imam Naafi' gave him the nickname of Warsh because of his extreme white color. He was born in Egypt in 110 Hijara and traveled to Imam Naafi' in Medinah Munawwarah. Imam Warsh recited to Imam Naafi' a number of complete recitations of the Qur'an and then returned to Egypt and taught people there for a long time. He died in the year 197 Hijarah.

3. Abu ‘Amr Al-Basree

Abu ‘Amr Al-Basree al-Mazinee was born in the year 68 Al-Hijarah, and read in Basra, al-Kufah, Makkah, and Al-Medinah. He had the most shuyookh of all the qurraa’ of the seven ways of recitation. Abdullah Ibn Katheer was one of his shuyookh, and he heard Anas bin Maalak and others. He died in Al-Kufah in the year 154 Al-Hijarah, may Allah be merciful to him.

Al-Imam Abu Amr passed on this famous way of recitation to Yahya Al-Yazeedee. Imam Yahya then passed it on to the two known raawee of this way of recitation: Abu ‘Amr Ad-Dooree and Abu Shu’ayb As-Soosiyy.

3.a Abu Umar Ad-Dooree

His name was Hafs bin Umar Abdulazeez, and he was known as Abu Umar. He was the imam of the recitors in his time and is the first one to accumulate all the different qira’aat. He was born in the year 150 Al-Hijara in Ad-Dur, which is located close to Baghdad. He died in the year 246, may Allah be merciful to him.

3.b As-Soosiyy

Saleh bin Zayaad As-Soosiyy died in the year 261 Al-Hijara close to the age of 90. There is little written about him in the biographies of the qurraa' (recitors).

4. Ibn 'Aamir

Abdullah bin ‘Aamir Al-Yasabee was nicknamed Abu ‘Imraan. He became a leader of recitation in Sham and was a great imam and a noble taabi’ –one of those who met up and knew some of the Sahaabah. He was the imam of the Umawee mosque in Damascus, a judge, and the leader of the recitors.

Ibn ‘Aamir was born in the year 21 Al-Hijarah, and some say 8 Al-Hijarah. He died in Damascus in the year 118 Al-Hijarah, may Allah be merciful to him.

4.a Hishaam

His name was Hisham bin ‘Ammaar bin Naseer, and he was called Abu Waleed. He was an imam of Damascus and the khateeb (lecturer) and their recitor. He was born in the year 153 Al-Hijarah, and died 245 Al-Hijarah. He mastered this way of reading from Ibn ‘Aamir through an imam who read to and was approved in it from Imam Ibn ‘Aamir.

4.b Ibn Dhakwaan

He was Abdullah bin Ahmed bin Bashr bin Dhakwaan Ad-Damascee, sheikh of the recitors in Sham, and imam of the Damsascus Mosque. He was born in the year 173 Al-Hijarah, and died in the year, 242 Al-Hijrah. He mastered this way of reading from Ibn ‘Aamir through an imam who read to and was approved in it from Imam Ibn ‘Aamir.

5. Hamzah

He was Hamzah bin Habeeb Az-Zayyaat. He was born in the year 80 Al-Hijarah, and died in 156 Al-Hijarah. His lifespan was such that he was alive at the same time as some of the Sahabah, so it is possible that he met up with some of them. Hamzah was the leader of the recitors in Al-Kufah after 'Aasim. Muahmmed bin Fadheel said about Hamzah, "I think the only reason that calamity has not come to Al-Kufah is because of Hamzah."

His two rawee are Khalaf and Khallaad, who both read to Saleem bin 'Eesaa Al-Kufee, and he (Saleem) read directly to Hamzah.

6. Al-Kisaa'ee (Abu Al-Haarith and Ad-Dooree)

His name was Ali bin Hamzah bin Abdullah Al-Asadee, and he was called Abu Al-Hasan. He was the head of recitation in Al-Kufah after Imam Hamzah. When he was asked why he was called Al-Kisaa'ee, he said it was because used a burlap [or similar] bag for ihraam. He died 189 Al-Hijarah after living for 70 years. His two Rawee were Abu Al-Haarith and Ad-Dooree.

6.a Abu Al-Haarith

He was Al-Layth bin Khaalid Al-Baghdadee, and his was known as Abu Al-Haarith. He word was a greatly trusted editor of recitation. He died 240 Al-Hijarah.

6.b Ad-Dooree

He is the same Ad-Dooree that is a riwaayah of Abu 'Amr Al-Basree.

7. Abu Ja'far (Ibn Wardan and Ibn Jammaaz)

8. Ya'qoob (Ruways and Rawh)

9. Khalaf (Ishaaq and Idrees)

10. Ibn Katheer (Al-Bazee and Qunbul)

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